See schapen in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "shape"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "shape"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "schaip"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "shape"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "schape"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "sċieppan",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English sċieppan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "sċieppan"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old English sċieppan",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*skappjan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *skappjan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*skapjaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *skapjaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "schap",
"3": "-en",
"id2": "infinitival",
"nocap": "1",
"pos2": "infinitive suffix",
"t1": "shape"
},
"expansion": "by surface analysis, schap (“shape”) + -en (infinitive suffix)",
"name": "surf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ġesċapen"
},
"expansion": "Old English ġesċapen",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English sċieppan, sċeppan, from Proto-West Germanic *skappjan, from Proto-Germanic *skapjaną; by surface analysis, schap (“shape”) + -en (infinitive suffix).\nIn Middle English, the present stem is often adjusted on the model of the past participle schapen (Old English ġesċapen) and other class 6 strong verbs; otherwise, the present stem usually shows the local reflex of /y/. This is easily explained as showing the Late West Saxon development of earlier /i͜y/ in Southern Middle English, but elsewhere it likely represents the raising and rounding of /e/ under the influence of the surrounding /ʃ/ and /p/; the same development apparently occured in -schipe, schippend, and schyppestere, variant of schapestere.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "schapeth",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "schapynge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "schop",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "schapen",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "strong weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-st",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "6 or weak in -ede/-te",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "schapen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to schapen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "schape",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "schape",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "schop",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "schaped",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "schapede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "schapte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "schapest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "schope",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "schapedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "schaptest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "schapeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "schapth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "schop",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "schaped",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "schapede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "schapte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "schape",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "schope",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "schaped",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "schapede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "schapte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "schape",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "schapen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "schape",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "schopen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "schope",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "schapeden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "schaped",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "schapede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "schapten",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "schapte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "schapeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "schape",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "schapynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "schapende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "schapen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "schape",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "schaped",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "schapt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yschapen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yschape",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "chyppe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "schape",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "schappen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "shape",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "shapen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "schyppe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "schap",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "shapenn",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Ormulum"
]
},
{
"form": "schippe",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Devon"
]
},
{
"form": "scap",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Northern"
]
},
{
"form": "scape",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Northern"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "schapen",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "schapeth",
"2": "schapynge",
"3": "schop",
"4": "schapen"
},
"expansion": "schapen (third-person singular simple present schapeth, present participle schapynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative schop, past participle schapen)",
"name": "enm-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "schap",
"2": "schop",
"3": "schop",
"3s2": "schapth",
"4": "schap",
"c": "6",
"w": "ede",
"w2": "te"
},
"name": "enm-conj-st"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "schap"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "schapere"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "schapestere"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "schaples"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "schaply"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "schapynge"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "-schipe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "schippend"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
24,
30
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
24,
30
]
],
"english": "Christ was a virgin and shaped like a man, / like many saints since when the world began, / but they always lived in perfect chastity.",
"ref": "1387–1400, [Geoffrey] Chaucer, “The Prologe of the Tale of the Wẏf of Bathe”, in The Tales of Caunt́bury (Hengwrt Chaucer; Peniarth Manuscript 392D), Aberystwyth, Ceredigion: National Library of Wales, published [c. 1400–1410], →OCLC, folio 59, verso:",
"text": "Crıſt was a maẏde / and shapen as a man / And many a Seẏnt sıth / that the woꝛld bıgan / ẏet lẏued theẏ euere / ın ꝑfıt Chaſtıtee",
"translation": "Christ was a virgin and shaped like a man, / like many saints since when the world began, / but they always lived in perfect chastity.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To create or devise; to bring into existence:",
"To shape; to create in a particular shape or style."
],
"id": "en-schapen-enm-verb-v6JRcCcD",
"links": [
[
"create",
"create"
],
[
"devise",
"devise"
],
[
"bring",
"bring"
],
[
"existence",
"existence"
],
[
"shape",
"shape"
],
[
"create",
"create"
],
[
"particular",
"particular"
],
[
"shape",
"shape"
],
[
"style",
"style"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To create or devise; to bring into existence:",
"To shape; to create in a particular shape or style."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "formen"
},
{
"word": "worchen"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To create or devise; to bring into existence:",
"To depict or portray (an object)"
],
"id": "en-schapen-enm-verb--cDZydFF",
"links": [
[
"create",
"create"
],
[
"devise",
"devise"
],
[
"bring",
"bring"
],
[
"existence",
"existence"
],
[
"depict",
"depict"
],
[
"portray",
"portray"
],
[
"object",
"object#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To create or devise; to bring into existence:",
"To depict or portray (an object)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "formen"
},
{
"word": "worchen"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 1 8 6 6 10 6 9 9 9 9 9 9 2 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 1 8 6 6 9 6 9 9 9 9 9 9 3 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 7 14 6 9 9 9 9 11 11 0 7",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Art",
"orig": "enm:Art",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 7 11 7 10 10 10 10 9 9 4 6",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Buildings and structures",
"orig": "enm:Buildings and structures",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 7 14 7 9 9 9 9 12 12 0 4",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Human behaviour",
"orig": "enm:Human behaviour",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To create or devise; to bring into existence:",
"To name or call; to give a name."
],
"id": "en-schapen-enm-verb-vjeznwJu",
"links": [
[
"create",
"create"
],
[
"devise",
"devise"
],
[
"bring",
"bring"
],
[
"existence",
"existence"
],
[
"name",
"name"
],
[
"call",
"call"
],
[
"give",
"give"
],
[
"name",
"name"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To create or devise; to bring into existence:",
"To name or call; to give a name."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "formen"
},
{
"word": "worchen"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 30 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Sound",
"orig": "enm:Sound",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 7 8 15 9 9 9 9 7 9 6 6",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Writing",
"orig": "enm:Writing",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To create or devise; to bring into existence:",
"To produce sounds or a written work."
],
"id": "en-schapen-enm-verb-orAAbHwl",
"links": [
[
"create",
"create"
],
[
"devise",
"devise"
],
[
"bring",
"bring"
],
[
"existence",
"existence"
],
[
"produce",
"produce"
],
[
"sound",
"sound"
],
[
"written",
"written"
],
[
"work",
"work"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To create or devise; to bring into existence:",
"To produce sounds or a written work."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "formen"
},
{
"word": "worchen"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 1 8 6 6 10 6 9 9 9 9 9 9 2 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 1 8 6 6 9 6 9 9 9 9 9 9 3 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 7 11 7 10 10 10 10 9 9 4 6",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Buildings and structures",
"orig": "enm:Buildings and structures",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cause or bring about; to put into effect:",
"To arrange or establish (a condition or institution)"
],
"id": "en-schapen-enm-verb-XnFnEOK~",
"links": [
[
"cause",
"cause"
],
[
"bring about",
"bring about"
],
[
"put",
"put"
],
[
"effect",
"effect"
],
[
"arrange",
"arrange"
],
[
"establish",
"establish"
],
[
"condition",
"condition#English"
],
[
"institution",
"institution#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, catenative) To cause or bring about; to put into effect:",
"To arrange or establish (a condition or institution)"
],
"tags": [
"catenative",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 1 8 6 6 10 6 9 9 9 9 9 9 2 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 1 8 6 6 9 6 9 9 9 9 9 9 3 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 7 11 7 10 10 10 10 9 9 4 6",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Buildings and structures",
"orig": "enm:Buildings and structures",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cause or bring about; to put into effect:",
"To arrange or ensure (so that something happens)"
],
"id": "en-schapen-enm-verb-VCB08T-W",
"links": [
[
"cause",
"cause"
],
[
"bring about",
"bring about"
],
[
"put",
"put"
],
[
"effect",
"effect"
],
[
"arrange",
"arrange"
],
[
"ensure",
"ensure"
],
[
"something",
"something#English"
],
[
"happen",
"happen#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, catenative) To cause or bring about; to put into effect:",
"To arrange or ensure (so that something happens)"
],
"tags": [
"catenative",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 1 8 6 6 10 6 9 9 9 9 9 9 2 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 1 8 6 6 9 6 9 9 9 9 9 9 3 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 7 11 7 10 10 10 10 9 9 4 6",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Buildings and structures",
"orig": "enm:Buildings and structures",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cause or bring about; to put into effect:",
"To destine or ordain (that something will happen)"
],
"id": "en-schapen-enm-verb-k0~TNlBV",
"links": [
[
"cause",
"cause"
],
[
"bring about",
"bring about"
],
[
"put",
"put"
],
[
"effect",
"effect"
],
[
"destine",
"destine"
],
[
"ordain",
"ordain"
],
[
"something",
"something#English"
],
[
"will",
"will#English"
],
[
"happen",
"happen#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, catenative) To cause or bring about; to put into effect:",
"To destine or ordain (that something will happen)"
],
"tags": [
"catenative",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 1 8 6 6 10 6 9 9 9 9 9 9 2 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 1 8 6 6 9 6 9 9 9 9 9 9 3 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 7 11 7 10 10 10 10 9 9 4 6",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Buildings and structures",
"orig": "enm:Buildings and structures",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cause or bring about; to put into effect:",
"To happen or occur; to take place."
],
"id": "en-schapen-enm-verb-Vl6IzjUU",
"links": [
[
"cause",
"cause"
],
[
"bring about",
"bring about"
],
[
"put",
"put"
],
[
"effect",
"effect"
],
[
"happen",
"happen"
],
[
"occur",
"occur"
],
[
"take place",
"take place"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, catenative) To cause or bring about; to put into effect:",
"(impersonal) To happen or occur; to take place."
],
"tags": [
"catenative",
"impersonal",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 1 8 6 6 10 6 9 9 9 9 9 9 2 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 1 8 6 6 9 6 9 9 9 9 9 9 3 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 7 11 7 10 10 10 10 9 9 4 6",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Buildings and structures",
"orig": "enm:Buildings and structures",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
17,
24
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
9
]
],
"english": "Directing their journey towards Saluzzo, / From day to day they ride along their way […]",
"ref": "1387–1400, [Geoffrey] Chaucer, “The [Clerkys] Tale [of Oxenford]”, in The Tales of Caunt́bury (Hengwrt Chaucer; Peniarth Manuscript 392D), Aberystwyth, Ceredigion: National Library of Wales, published [c. 1400–1410], →OCLC, folio 184, verso, lines 783-784:",
"text": "Toward Saluces / shapẏng hır ıourneẏ / ffro daẏ to daẏ / they rẏden ın hır weẏ […]",
"translation": "Directing their journey towards Saluzzo, / From day to day they ride along their way […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To convert or change; to make into another thing:",
"To direct or guide; to design around oneself."
],
"id": "en-schapen-enm-verb-aJRrP-C8",
"links": [
[
"convert",
"convert"
],
[
"change",
"change"
],
[
"make",
"make"
],
[
"another",
"another"
],
[
"direct",
"direct"
],
[
"guide",
"guide"
],
[
"design",
"design"
],
[
"oneself",
"oneself"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To convert or change; to make into another thing:",
"To direct or guide; to design around oneself."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 1 8 6 6 10 6 9 9 9 9 9 9 2 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 1 8 6 6 9 6 9 9 9 9 9 9 3 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 7 11 7 10 10 10 10 9 9 4 6",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Buildings and structures",
"orig": "enm:Buildings and structures",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
47,
52
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
50,
53
]
],
"english": "During the summertime, when the sun was soft, / I put myself in clothes so I was like a sheep.",
"ref": "c. 1378-9, [William Langland], “[Prologue]”, in [Piers Plowman, A Treatise on Sin] (W, B-text), London, published c. 1400, →OCLC, folio 1, recto; republished as Thorlac Turville-Petre, Hoyt N. Duggan, editors, Cambridge, Trinity College, MS B.15.17 (The Piers Plowman Electronic Archive; 2), SEENET, 2014, →ISBN:",
"text": "IN a somer seſon. whan softe was þe sonne. / I shoop me ın to shroudes. as I a sheep weere.",
"translation": "During the summertime, when the sun was soft, / I put myself in clothes so I was like a sheep.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To convert or change; to make into another thing:",
"To put on clothes."
],
"id": "en-schapen-enm-verb-eeixZP1J",
"links": [
[
"convert",
"convert"
],
[
"change",
"change"
],
[
"make",
"make"
],
[
"another",
"another"
],
[
"put on",
"put on"
],
[
"clothes",
"clothes"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To convert or change; to make into another thing:",
"(rare, ambitransitive) To put on clothes."
],
"tags": [
"ambitransitive",
"rare",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To travel or journey (somewhere)"
],
"id": "en-schapen-enm-verb-vx4~Xs5y",
"links": [
[
"travel",
"travel"
],
[
"journey",
"journey"
],
[
"somewhere",
"somewhere#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(ambitransitive) To travel or journey (somewhere):"
],
"tags": [
"ambitransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To travel or journey (somewhere):",
"To take oneself; to go and do."
],
"id": "en-schapen-enm-verb-redRQI6B",
"links": [
[
"travel",
"travel"
],
[
"journey",
"journey"
],
[
"somewhere",
"somewhere#English"
],
[
"take",
"take"
],
[
"oneself",
"oneself"
],
[
"go",
"go"
],
[
"do",
"do"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(ambitransitive) To travel or journey (somewhere):",
"(reflexive) To take oneself; to go and do."
],
"tags": [
"ambitransitive",
"reflexive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈʃaːpən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈʃipən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈʃupən/",
"tags": [
"Southern",
"especially"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈʃɛpə/",
"tags": [
"Kent"
]
}
],
"word": "schapen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English class 6 strong verbs",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"Middle English verbs",
"Middle English weak verbs",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Art",
"enm:Buildings and structures",
"enm:Human behaviour",
"enm:Sound",
"enm:Writing"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "shape"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "shape"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "schaip"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "shape"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "schape"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "sċieppan",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English sċieppan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "sċieppan"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old English sċieppan",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*skappjan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *skappjan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*skapjaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *skapjaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "schap",
"3": "-en",
"id2": "infinitival",
"nocap": "1",
"pos2": "infinitive suffix",
"t1": "shape"
},
"expansion": "by surface analysis, schap (“shape”) + -en (infinitive suffix)",
"name": "surf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ġesċapen"
},
"expansion": "Old English ġesċapen",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English sċieppan, sċeppan, from Proto-West Germanic *skappjan, from Proto-Germanic *skapjaną; by surface analysis, schap (“shape”) + -en (infinitive suffix).\nIn Middle English, the present stem is often adjusted on the model of the past participle schapen (Old English ġesċapen) and other class 6 strong verbs; otherwise, the present stem usually shows the local reflex of /y/. This is easily explained as showing the Late West Saxon development of earlier /i͜y/ in Southern Middle English, but elsewhere it likely represents the raising and rounding of /e/ under the influence of the surrounding /ʃ/ and /p/; the same development apparently occured in -schipe, schippend, and schyppestere, variant of schapestere.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "schapeth",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "schapynge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "schop",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "schapen",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "strong weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-st",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "6 or weak in -ede/-te",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "schapen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to schapen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "schape",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "schape",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "schop",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "schaped",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "schapede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "schapte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "schapest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "schope",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "schapedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "schaptest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "schapeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "schapth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "schop",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "schaped",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "schapede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "schapte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "schape",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "schope",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "schaped",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "schapede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "schapte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "schape",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "schapen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "schape",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "schopen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "schope",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "schapeden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "schaped",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "schapede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "schapten",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "schapte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "schapeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "schape",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "schapynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "schapende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "schapen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "schape",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "schaped",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "schapt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yschapen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yschape",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "chyppe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "schape",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "schappen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "shape",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "shapen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "schyppe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "schap",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "shapenn",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Ormulum"
]
},
{
"form": "schippe",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Devon"
]
},
{
"form": "scap",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Northern"
]
},
{
"form": "scape",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Northern"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "schapen",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "schapeth",
"2": "schapynge",
"3": "schop",
"4": "schapen"
},
"expansion": "schapen (third-person singular simple present schapeth, present participle schapynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative schop, past participle schapen)",
"name": "enm-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "schap",
"2": "schop",
"3": "schop",
"3s2": "schapth",
"4": "schap",
"c": "6",
"w": "ede",
"w2": "te"
},
"name": "enm-conj-st"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "schap"
},
{
"word": "schapere"
},
{
"word": "schapestere"
},
{
"word": "schaples"
},
{
"word": "schaply"
},
{
"word": "schapynge"
},
{
"word": "-schipe"
},
{
"word": "schippend"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations",
"Middle English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
24,
30
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
24,
30
]
],
"english": "Christ was a virgin and shaped like a man, / like many saints since when the world began, / but they always lived in perfect chastity.",
"ref": "1387–1400, [Geoffrey] Chaucer, “The Prologe of the Tale of the Wẏf of Bathe”, in The Tales of Caunt́bury (Hengwrt Chaucer; Peniarth Manuscript 392D), Aberystwyth, Ceredigion: National Library of Wales, published [c. 1400–1410], →OCLC, folio 59, verso:",
"text": "Crıſt was a maẏde / and shapen as a man / And many a Seẏnt sıth / that the woꝛld bıgan / ẏet lẏued theẏ euere / ın ꝑfıt Chaſtıtee",
"translation": "Christ was a virgin and shaped like a man, / like many saints since when the world began, / but they always lived in perfect chastity.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To create or devise; to bring into existence:",
"To shape; to create in a particular shape or style."
],
"links": [
[
"create",
"create"
],
[
"devise",
"devise"
],
[
"bring",
"bring"
],
[
"existence",
"existence"
],
[
"shape",
"shape"
],
[
"create",
"create"
],
[
"particular",
"particular"
],
[
"shape",
"shape"
],
[
"style",
"style"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To create or devise; to bring into existence:",
"To shape; to create in a particular shape or style."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "formen"
},
{
"word": "worchen"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To create or devise; to bring into existence:",
"To depict or portray (an object)"
],
"links": [
[
"create",
"create"
],
[
"devise",
"devise"
],
[
"bring",
"bring"
],
[
"existence",
"existence"
],
[
"depict",
"depict"
],
[
"portray",
"portray"
],
[
"object",
"object#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To create or devise; to bring into existence:",
"To depict or portray (an object)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "formen"
},
{
"word": "worchen"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To create or devise; to bring into existence:",
"To name or call; to give a name."
],
"links": [
[
"create",
"create"
],
[
"devise",
"devise"
],
[
"bring",
"bring"
],
[
"existence",
"existence"
],
[
"name",
"name"
],
[
"call",
"call"
],
[
"give",
"give"
],
[
"name",
"name"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To create or devise; to bring into existence:",
"To name or call; to give a name."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "formen"
},
{
"word": "worchen"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To create or devise; to bring into existence:",
"To produce sounds or a written work."
],
"links": [
[
"create",
"create"
],
[
"devise",
"devise"
],
[
"bring",
"bring"
],
[
"existence",
"existence"
],
[
"produce",
"produce"
],
[
"sound",
"sound"
],
[
"written",
"written"
],
[
"work",
"work"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To create or devise; to bring into existence:",
"To produce sounds or a written work."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "formen"
},
{
"word": "worchen"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To cause or bring about; to put into effect:",
"To arrange or establish (a condition or institution)"
],
"links": [
[
"cause",
"cause"
],
[
"bring about",
"bring about"
],
[
"put",
"put"
],
[
"effect",
"effect"
],
[
"arrange",
"arrange"
],
[
"establish",
"establish"
],
[
"condition",
"condition#English"
],
[
"institution",
"institution#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, catenative) To cause or bring about; to put into effect:",
"To arrange or establish (a condition or institution)"
],
"tags": [
"catenative",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To cause or bring about; to put into effect:",
"To arrange or ensure (so that something happens)"
],
"links": [
[
"cause",
"cause"
],
[
"bring about",
"bring about"
],
[
"put",
"put"
],
[
"effect",
"effect"
],
[
"arrange",
"arrange"
],
[
"ensure",
"ensure"
],
[
"something",
"something#English"
],
[
"happen",
"happen#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, catenative) To cause or bring about; to put into effect:",
"To arrange or ensure (so that something happens)"
],
"tags": [
"catenative",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To cause or bring about; to put into effect:",
"To destine or ordain (that something will happen)"
],
"links": [
[
"cause",
"cause"
],
[
"bring about",
"bring about"
],
[
"put",
"put"
],
[
"effect",
"effect"
],
[
"destine",
"destine"
],
[
"ordain",
"ordain"
],
[
"something",
"something#English"
],
[
"will",
"will#English"
],
[
"happen",
"happen#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, catenative) To cause or bring about; to put into effect:",
"To destine or ordain (that something will happen)"
],
"tags": [
"catenative",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English impersonal verbs",
"Middle English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To cause or bring about; to put into effect:",
"To happen or occur; to take place."
],
"links": [
[
"cause",
"cause"
],
[
"bring about",
"bring about"
],
[
"put",
"put"
],
[
"effect",
"effect"
],
[
"happen",
"happen"
],
[
"occur",
"occur"
],
[
"take place",
"take place"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, catenative) To cause or bring about; to put into effect:",
"(impersonal) To happen or occur; to take place."
],
"tags": [
"catenative",
"impersonal",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations",
"Middle English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
17,
24
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
9
]
],
"english": "Directing their journey towards Saluzzo, / From day to day they ride along their way […]",
"ref": "1387–1400, [Geoffrey] Chaucer, “The [Clerkys] Tale [of Oxenford]”, in The Tales of Caunt́bury (Hengwrt Chaucer; Peniarth Manuscript 392D), Aberystwyth, Ceredigion: National Library of Wales, published [c. 1400–1410], →OCLC, folio 184, verso, lines 783-784:",
"text": "Toward Saluces / shapẏng hır ıourneẏ / ffro daẏ to daẏ / they rẏden ın hır weẏ […]",
"translation": "Directing their journey towards Saluzzo, / From day to day they ride along their way […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To convert or change; to make into another thing:",
"To direct or guide; to design around oneself."
],
"links": [
[
"convert",
"convert"
],
[
"change",
"change"
],
[
"make",
"make"
],
[
"another",
"another"
],
[
"direct",
"direct"
],
[
"guide",
"guide"
],
[
"design",
"design"
],
[
"oneself",
"oneself"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To convert or change; to make into another thing:",
"To direct or guide; to design around oneself."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English intransitive verbs",
"Middle English terms with quotations",
"Middle English terms with rare senses",
"Middle English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
47,
52
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
50,
53
]
],
"english": "During the summertime, when the sun was soft, / I put myself in clothes so I was like a sheep.",
"ref": "c. 1378-9, [William Langland], “[Prologue]”, in [Piers Plowman, A Treatise on Sin] (W, B-text), London, published c. 1400, →OCLC, folio 1, recto; republished as Thorlac Turville-Petre, Hoyt N. Duggan, editors, Cambridge, Trinity College, MS B.15.17 (The Piers Plowman Electronic Archive; 2), SEENET, 2014, →ISBN:",
"text": "IN a somer seſon. whan softe was þe sonne. / I shoop me ın to shroudes. as I a sheep weere.",
"translation": "During the summertime, when the sun was soft, / I put myself in clothes so I was like a sheep.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To convert or change; to make into another thing:",
"To put on clothes."
],
"links": [
[
"convert",
"convert"
],
[
"change",
"change"
],
[
"make",
"make"
],
[
"another",
"another"
],
[
"put on",
"put on"
],
[
"clothes",
"clothes"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To convert or change; to make into another thing:",
"(rare, ambitransitive) To put on clothes."
],
"tags": [
"ambitransitive",
"rare",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English intransitive verbs",
"Middle English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To travel or journey (somewhere)"
],
"links": [
[
"travel",
"travel"
],
[
"journey",
"journey"
],
[
"somewhere",
"somewhere#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(ambitransitive) To travel or journey (somewhere):"
],
"tags": [
"ambitransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English intransitive verbs",
"Middle English reflexive verbs",
"Middle English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To travel or journey (somewhere):",
"To take oneself; to go and do."
],
"links": [
[
"travel",
"travel"
],
[
"journey",
"journey"
],
[
"somewhere",
"somewhere#English"
],
[
"take",
"take"
],
[
"oneself",
"oneself"
],
[
"go",
"go"
],
[
"do",
"do"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(ambitransitive) To travel or journey (somewhere):",
"(reflexive) To take oneself; to go and do."
],
"tags": [
"ambitransitive",
"reflexive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈʃaːpən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈʃipən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈʃupən/",
"tags": [
"Southern",
"especially"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈʃɛpə/",
"tags": [
"Kent"
]
}
],
"word": "schapen"
}
Download raw JSONL data for schapen meaning in Middle English (17.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-06-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-06-01 using wiktextract (03da280 and 7f4db16). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.